![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZiVmMZdEgXMxKIoD8PwTIGk43s5fb6TM4_LqrYXcHrh5TvyXWNw-0tTOh9jNbLC2_9c4VlHGVUKge_2-ly5yJbc5h-NDolZCXX4E_nZfFqJpOb5YzZYHyHGyPQbEueAN-gXWZly5ENeAR/s400/CXR+1+24-2-53.jpg)
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu5d0zNkmcM8ttGVyhBUt711huNfLgjeddZSe1KltezQMPIoTCBuiRLgkDpDHzIcrTmXSYkDwEs5Yli-4XCOwuxzU-70BZV8hO8ZI8a_O2tG2geclWlKlr9HHTetImxSZuLWbRq7Un66eT/s400/CXR+2+24-2-53.jpg)
-Common causes: invasion of phrenic nerve by tumor, trauma
Most reliable manoeuvre for detecting hemi-diaphragmatic paralysis is sniff test performed while visualizing diaphragm with fluoroscopy or ultrasound-Thoracic causes: atelectasis, splinting of diaphragm due to acute process (fractured rib, pleurisy, pneumonia), postoperative (lobectomy, pneumonectomy)
-Abdominal causes: distended stomach, interposition of colon between liver and right hemidiaphragm (Chilaiditi syndrome), subphrenic abscess, hepatomegaly, abdominal neoplasm
ผู้ป่วยได้รับการทำ ultrasound : not found structural abnormality
http://imaging.consult.com/topic/Elevation-of-the-Diaphragm,-Unilateral/S1933-0332(07)70289-6
pleural effusion
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